Ukutyhala amandla avuselelekayo kuye kwafumana umfutho obalulekileyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngenxa yeenkxalabo ezikhulayo malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nesidingo sokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse.Ukuveliswa kwamandla e-Photovoltaic ngumthombo wamandla ohlaziyekayo oye watsala ingqalelo enkulu.Iifotovoltaics, ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba ziipaneli zelanga, zisebenzise ukukhanya kwelanga zize ziziguqule zibe ngumbane.Kodwa yintoni imbali emva kobu buchwepheshe bungaqhelekanga?
yena iingcambu zeii-photovoltaics Inokulandwa emva ngenkulungwane ye-19, xa ingcali yefiziksi yaseFransi uAlexandre-Edmond Becquerel wafumanisai-photovoltaicI-Becquerel yafumanisa ukuba izinto ezithile zivelisa imisinga yombane emincinci xa zibekwe ekukhanyeni.Nangona ukufunyaniswa kwakhe kwakungumhlaba, kwathatha amashumi eminyaka ukuba izazinzulu kunye nabaqambi baphonononge ngokupheleleyo amandla ale nto.
Ukukhawuleza ukuya kwi-1873, kunye nonjiniyela wombane waseBritani uWilloughby Smith wenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kwi-photovoltaics.USmith wafumanisa ukuba ikhemikhali element selenium inayoi-photovoltaiciipropati.Oku kufunyaniswe kwakhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kweeseli zelanga zeselenium zokuqala, ezazisebenza kakuhle kakhulu ekuguquleni ukukhanya kwelanga kube ngumbane.
Eyangokui-photovoltaicixesha laqala ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kunye nomsebenzi ka-Albert Einstein, ongcaciso yakhe yesiphumo sombane kwi-1905 yabeka isiseko sethiyori sokuqonda ukuziphatha kokukhanya kunye nesizukulwana sokukhanya.i-photovoltaicumbane.Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa ngokubonakalayo kolu lwazi kusekude kunenyani.
Ngeminyaka yoo-1950 kunye noo-1960, inkampani yaseMelika yophando kunye nophuhliso iBell Labs yatyala imali eninzii-photovoltaicuphando kwaye yenza inkqubela ebonakalayo.Ngowe-1954, iinjineli zaselabhoratri zenza i-silicon-based yokuqalai-photovoltaiciseli.Ibhetri iphumelele uguqulo lwamandla olusebenzayo malunga ne-6%, iphawula impumelelo enkulu ebaleni.Uphando olulandelayo kunye nezinto ezintsha zetekhnoloji zonyuse amanqanaba okusebenza kwaye zehlisa iindleko zokwenziwa kwiminyaka ezayo.
Umdyarho wamajukujuku phakathi kweUnited States kunye neSoviet Union ngexesha leMfazwe yoMlomo wakhuthaza ngakumbi uphuhliso lwei-photovoltaicukuveliswa kwamandla.Omabini la mazwe afuna imithombo yamandla ekhaphukhaphu nethembekileyo kwiisathelayithi kunye neziphekepheke.Nje ngeziphumo,i-photovoltaiciiseli ziye zaba yinto ebalulekileyo kwimishini yasemkhathini, kwaye iPioneer 1, eyasungulwa ngo-1958, yaba yisathelayithi yokuqala ukusebenzisa iiseli zelanga ukunika amandla izixhobo zayo.
Ingxaki yeoli kwiminyaka yoo-1970 yaba yimbangela yophuhliso lwei-photovoltaicukuveliswa kwamandla.Njengoko imithombo yamandla emveli inqabile kwaye ibiza kakhulu, oorhulumente kunye neengcali zokusingqongileyo zibhenela kumbane welanga njengesisombululo esinokubakho.Ukubonelela ngenkxaso-mali, iikhredithi zerhafu kunye nenkxaso-mali yophando ukukhuthaza uphuhliso kunye nokufikeleleka kobuchwepheshe belanga.Eli xesha labona ukuvela kweekhaltyhuleyitha zelanga, iiwotshi, kunye nokuthengiswa kwezicelo ezincinci.
Ifotovoltaicukuveliswa kwamandla kwenze inkqubela phambili enkulu kwinkulungwane yama-21 ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe kunye nokwandisa ulwazi ngokubaluleka kwamandla ahlaziyekayo.Iiphaneli zelanga zanamhlanje zisebenza ngakumbi kwaye zixabisa kakhulu kunangaphambili, nto leyo ezenza zibe lukhetho olusebenzayo lokwamkelwa ngokubanzi.Oorhulumente ehlabathini lonke batyala imali kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu zelanga, kwaye iifama ezisebenza ngelanga kunye nokufakelwa kwesola kuphahla lwezindlu ziye zaxhaphaka.
Imvelaphi yembali yeii-photovoltaics gxininisa ubuchule kunye nonyamezelo lwezazinzulu kunye nabaqambi kule minyaka.Ifotovoltaicitekhnoloji ifikile kumgama omde ukusuka ekufumaneni kokuqala kwei-photovoltaicisiphumo ekusebenzeni kweeseli zelanga kwindawo.Njengoko sizama ukutshintshela kwikamva elizinzileyo,ii-photovoltaicsngokungathandabuzekiyo iya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekufezekiseni iimfuno zethu zamandla ngelixa sinciphisa i-carbon footprint yethu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-30-2023