Iiseli ze-Photovoltaic, eyaziwa ngokuba ziiseli zelanga, ziye zaba ngumdlali ophambili kwicandelo lamandla avuselelweyo.Ezi zixhobo ziye zayitshintsha kakhulu indlela esisebenzisa ngayo amandla elanga ukuvelisa umbane.Kweli nqaku, siza kungena kwihlabathi elinomdlaiiseli photovoltaickwaye baphonononge indlela abawenza ngayo umbane.
Kwintliziyo yeseli ye-photovoltaic yimpahla ye-semiconductor, ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe nge-silicon.Xa iiphoton eziphuma kukukhanya kwelanga zibetha kumphezulu weseli, zivuselela ii-electron ezikuloo nto, zibangele ukuba zihlukane neeathom.Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-photovoltaic effect.
Ukuthatha ithuba kwezi electron zikhutshiweyo, iibhetri zakhiwe ngokwamaleko aneempawu ezahlukeneyo.Umaleko ophezulu wenziwa ngezinto ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukufunxa ukukhanya kwelanga.Ngezantsi kolu luhlu kukho umaleko osebenzayo, owenziwe ngezinto ze-semiconductor.Umaleko ongezantsi, obizwa ngokuba yi-back contact layer, unceda ukuqokelela ii-electron kwaye uzikhuphele ngaphandle kweseli.
Xa ukukhanya kwelanga kugqobhoza kumaleko aphezulu eseli, kuvuyisa ii-elektroni kwiiathom zezinto zesemiconductor.Ezi electron zivuya ziyakwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo ngaphakathi kwezinto.Nangona kunjalo, ukuze kuveliswe umbane, ii-electron kufuneka zijikeleze kwicala elithile.
Kulapho intsimi yombane ngaphakathi kwiseli ingena khona.Izinto eziphathekayo ze-semiconductor kuluhlu olusebenzayo lufakwe ngokungcola ukudala ukungalingani kwe-electron.Oku kudala intlawulo entle kwelinye icala lebhetri kunye nentlawulo embi kwelinye.Umda phakathi kwale mimandla mibini ubizwa ngokuba yi-pn junction.
Xa i-electron ivuyiswa yifoton kwaye iqhawule i-athomu yayo, itsalwa kwicala elichasayo elichasayo kwiseli.Njengoko isiya kwindawo, ishiya "umngxuma" ohlawulwe ngokufanelekileyo endaweni yawo.Le ntshukumo yee-electron kunye nemingxuma idala umbane wombane ngaphakathi kwebhetri.
Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yabo yamahhala, ii-electron azikwazi ukusetyenziswa ukunika amandla izixhobo zangaphandle.Ukusebenzisa amandla abo, uqhagamshelwano lwesinyithi lubekwe kumaleko aphezulu nangaphantsi kweeseli.Xa ii-conductors zixhunywe kwaba bafowunelwa, ii-electron zihamba ngesiphaluka, zenza umbane wombane.
Iseli enye yephotovoltaic ivelisa umbane omncinane ngokwentelekiso.Ke ngoko, iiseli ezininzi zidityanisiwe kunye ukwenza iyunithi enkulu ebizwa ngokuba yiphaneli yelanga okanye imodyuli.Ezi panels zinokudityaniswa kuthotho okanye parallel ukwandisa i-voltage kunye nemveliso yangoku, kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zenkqubo.
Xa umbane sele uvelisiwe, unokusetyenziselwa ukuphembelela izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo zombane.Kwi-grid-died system, umbane ogqithisileyo oveliswa ngeepaneli zelanga unokubuyiselwa kwigridi, ukuphelisa imfuno yokuveliswa kwamafutha efosili.Kwiinkqubo ezizimeleyo, ezifana nezo zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezikude, umbane owenziweyo unokugcinwa kwiibhetri ukuze zisetyenziswe kamva.
Iiseli ze-Photovoltaicukubonelela ngesisombululo esiluhlaza, esizinzileyo kunye nesihlaziyekayo kwiimfuno zethu zamandla.Banamandla okunciphisa ngokubonakalayo ukuxhomekeka kwethu kumafutha efosili kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yokuveliswa kombane.Njengoko iteknoloji iqhubeka ihambela phambili, sinokubonaiiseli photovoltaiczisebenza kakuhle kwaye zingabizi mali ininzi, nto leyo ezenza zibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yembonakalo yamandla ethu kwixesha elizayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-27-2023